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<p class=MsoNormal><b><img width=604 height=70 id="_x0000_i1025"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CAD57E.E06A0300"></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b>Fræðsluerindi á vegum Tilraunastöðvar Háskóla Íslands í
meinafræði að Keldum.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#217521'>Þessi póstur er
sendur tengiliðum við stofnanir, fyrirtæki, félög og hópa, til að kynna
fræðsluerindi sem haldin eru á Tilraunastöðinni að Keldum. Vinsamlegast
áframsendið með tölvupósti eftirfarandi upplýsingar til ykkar fólks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:#4F6228'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Fyrirlesari: Prófessor <b>Brian Austin</b> örverufræðingur,
forstöðumaður Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Skotlandi.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'>Heiti erindis: <b><span
lang=EN-GB>The use of probiotics and medicinal plants for the control of
diseases in aquaculture.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Erindið verður haldið <u>fimmtudaginn 8. apríl, kl. 12:20</u>
á Tilraunastöð Háskóla Íslands í meinafræði að Keldum.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-GB>The control of fish diseases include the use of inhibitory
compounds, vaccines, immunestimulants, medicinal plants, and probiotics.
Probiotics, which are regarded as live or dead micro-organisms or their
products with health benefits to the host, are steadily gaining use in
aquaculture for disease control, supplementing or even in some cases (e.g. in
Ecuador) replacing the use of antimicrobial compounds. A wide range of
microalgae (<i>Tetraselmis suecica</i>), yeasts (<i>Debaryomyces, Phaffia</i>
and <i>Saccharomyces</i>) and Gram-positive, i.e. <i>Bacillus, Carnobacterium,
Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus</i> and <i>Weissella,
</i>and Gram-negative bacteria, namely <i>Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Photorhodobacterium,
Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Vibrio</i>, has been evaluated for use in aquaculture,
worldwide, with success reported in finfish and shellfish culture. However,
the mode of action of the probiotics is incompletely understood, with the
likely possibilities including competitive exclusion, i.e. the probiotics
actively interfere with the colonization of potential pathogens in the
digestive tract by antibiosis or by competition for nutrients, oxygen and/or
space, alteration of microbial metabolism, and/or by the stimulation of the
innate immune response, such as enhanced phagocytic activity and lysozyme
production. It remains to be resolved whether the probiotics need to be
administered as live preparations or whether inactivated material would
suffice. Some probiotics stimulate appetite, and improve nutrition by the
production of vitamins, detoxification of compounds in the diet, and by the
breakdown of indigestible components. There is accumulating evidence that
probiotics are effective at inhibiting a wide range of fish pathogens,
including bacteria and parasites. Some probiotics confer herd immunity,
conferring protection against a range of diseases.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-autospace:none'><span
lang=EN-GB> In Asia, including China and India, there is evidence
that medicinal plants confer health benefits when used as dietary supplements.
As a result of a recent comparative study, the value of garlic, ginger, lupin,
mango and stinging nettle was highlighted. When dosed on food at 0.5-2.0% and
fed to rainbow trout for 14 days, there was evidence of resistance to challenge
by <i>Aeromonas hydrophila </i>with the mode of action including stimulation of
the innate immune response.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>______________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Sigurður H. Richter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Tilraunastöð H.Í. í meinafræði
að Keldum<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Símar 585 5100 og 896 5811<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Tölvupóstfang <a
href="mailto:shr@hi.is" title="mailto:shr@hi.is">shr@hi.is</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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